INDIANA INFANT MORTALITY REPORT
1990-2003
Statistics from the Period Linked
Birth/Infant Death Data Set
(Published July 2005)
Indiana State Department of Health
Epidemiology Resource Center
2 North Meridian Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204
For questions about this report, please
call 317.233.1344 or e-mail bmjohnso@isdh.state.in.gov
Indiana State Department of Health
Judith A. Monroe, MD, State Health Commissioner
Sue Uhl, JD, Deputy State Health Commissioner
Epidemiology Resource Center
(ERC)
Robert Teclaw, DVM, MPH, PhD, Director
Maternal and Child Health Division
Judith Ganser, MD, Medical Director
Author
Atossa Rahmanifar, PhD, RD
Epidemiology Resource Center
Contributing Staff
Jon Lewis, PhD, ERC, Data Analysis Team, Director
Susan Dorrell, B.S., ERC, Data Analysis Team
Roberta Sorrell, Vital Records Division
Teresa Barlow, Information Services and Policy Commission
Beth Johnson, Maternal and Child Health Division
Preface
The 1990-2003 Indiana Infant Mortality Report presents infant mortality
statistics from the period linked birth/infant death data sets (linked files) by
a variety of infant and maternal characteristics. For each year 1990-2003, the
information from the death certificate of each infant (less than one year of
age) who was an Indiana resident was matched and linked to the information from
the birth certificate to create the linked files. The purpose of linkage is to
use the additional information available on the birth certificate to conduct a
more in-depth analysis of the pattern of infant mortality. Therefore, the
information provided in this report, which is derived from the birth
certificates through the linked files, is different from the general vital
statistics mortality reports, which are based entirely on death certificate
data.
The demographic and health variables included in the analysis of infant
mortality are race, Hispanic origin, plurality, sex, birth weight, gestational
age, maternal age, maternal education, live birth order, marital status,
prenatal care, and smoking during pregnancy. Results are reported for all races
combined and for whites and blacks separately. Due to the relatively small
number of births and infant deaths among Hispanics and because more than 97
percent of Hispanics are white, the detailed statistics of infant mortality at
the state level are reported for Hispanics in general and for non-Hispanic
whites but not for non-Hispanic blacks. In this report, the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget race definition of “Black or African American” is referred
to as “Black” and ethnicity definition of “Hispanic or Latino” is referred to as
“Hispanic”.
The information is presented at the state level and for two major counties,
Marion and Lake. Yearly infant mortality rates are reported only at the state
level, because it is only at the state level that numbers of infant deaths in
various categories are large enough to provide stable rates. Three-year moving
averages of infant mortality rates as well as five-year comparisons of rates
from 1990-1994 to 1999-2003 are presented for the state and for the counties.
The statistical analysis was performed only for comparing the five-year rates.
In certain instances, the change in five-year rates was not statistically
significant despite a noticeable difference in rates, mainly due to the small
number of deaths in those categories.
Information on the methods used for statistical significance, on random
variation and stability of rates, as well as detailed information on differences
between the linked files and the vital statistics mortality files are presented
in the Technical Notes. Additional information on race and Hispanic origin,
birth weight and gestational age, maternal education, and on prenatal care
utilization is also provided in the Technical Notes. The yearly number of infant
deaths and births by various characteristics used in calculating the infant
mortality rates are presented in the Appendices.
The descriptive statistics presented here are useful in understanding the basic
relationships between the individual risk factors and infant mortality. The
infant mortality rates are reported according to a specific maternal or infant
characteristic and are unadjusted for the possible effects of other risk factors
that are often present simultaneously. The preferred method for a better
understanding of the interrelationship of multiple risk factors for infant
mortality is multivariate analysis. The goal of this report, however, is to
provide a basic understanding of the relationships of various risk factors to
infant mortality.
List of Tables
Yearly Infant Mortality Rates - Indiana
Table 1. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by
race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files Table 2. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 3. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 4. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 5. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among non-Hispanic whites: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 6. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among Hispanics:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Three-year Moving Averages of Infant Mortality Rates -
Indiana
Table 7. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by
race and Hispanic
origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 8. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 9. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 10. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks, three-
year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 11. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among non-Hispanic
whites, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 12. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among Hispanics,
three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Five-year Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Indiana
Table 13. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates
by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Table 14. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 15. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 16. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 17. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among non-Hispanic
whites: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 18. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among Hispanics:
India
List of Figures
Figure 1. Infant mortality rates among all races in Indiana
compared to U.S.: 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 2. Infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin
of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 3. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates
among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 4. Neonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic
origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 5. Postneonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic
origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 6. Neonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic
origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 7. Postneonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic
origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 8. Infant mortality rates by sex of infant among all
races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 9. Infant mortality rates by sex and race/Hispanic
origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 10. Infant mortality rates by plurality among all
races, three-year moving
averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 11. Infant mortality rates by plurality and race,
three-year moving
averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 12. Infant mortality rates by plurality and
race/Hispanic origin: Indiana,
1999-2003 linked files
Figure 13. Infant mortality rates by birth weight among all
races: Indiana, 2003 linked file
Figure 14. Infant mortality rates of low birth-weight infants
by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Figure 15. Infant mortality rates of very low birth-weight
infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 16. Infant mortality rates of normal birth-weight
infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 17. Infant mortality rates of low birth-weight infants
by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 18. Infant mortality rates of very low birth-weight
infants by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 19. Infant mortality rates of normal birth-weight
infants by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 20. Infant mortality rates by gestational age among all
races: Indiana, 2001-2003 linked files
Figure 21. Infant mortality rates of preterm infants by race
and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked
files
Figure 22. Infant mortality rates of term infants by race and
Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 23. Prevalence of low birth-weight and preterm infants
by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990 vs. 2003 Live Births
Figure 24. Infant mortality rates by age and race of mother,
three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 25. Infant mortality rates by age and race of mother:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 26. Infant mortality rates by age and race/Hispanic
origin of mother: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 27. Infant mortality rates among whites by education of
mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 28. Infant mortality rates among blacks by education of
mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 29. Infant mortality rates by education and
race/Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 30. Infant mortality rates by race/Hispanic origin
among mothers with less than 12 years of education, three-year moving
averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 31. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother
among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 32. Infant mortality rates by marital status and
race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 33. Infant mortality rates by adequacy of prenatal care
and race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 34. Infant mortality rates by smoking status and race
of mother: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 35. Infant mortality rates among singleton births and
among normal birth-weight infants by race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003
linked files
Figure 36. Infant mortality rates among multiple births and
among low birth-weight infants by race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003
linked files
Figure 37. Infant mortality rates among mothers with one or
more potential low-risk demographic characteristics by race/Hispanic origin:
Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 38. Infant mortality rates among mothers with one or
more potential high-risk demographic characteristics by race/Hispanic origin:
Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
List of Tables
Three-year Moving Averages of Infant Mortality Rates -
Marion County
Table 19. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates
by race and
Hispanic origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Marion County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 20. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races,
three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Table 21. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites, three-
year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 22. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks, three-
year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Five-year Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Marion County
Table 23. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates
by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and
1999-2003 linked files
Table 24. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races:
Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 25. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites: Marion
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 26. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks: Marion
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
List of Figures
Figure 39. Infant mortality rates among all races in Marion
County compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Marion County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 40. Infant mortality rates by race in Marion County
compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 41. Infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin
of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 42. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by race
of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 43. Infant mortality rates by race among low
birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 44. Infant mortality rates by race among normal
birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 45. Infant mortality rates by race among low
birth-weight infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 46. Infant mortality rates by race among very low
birth-weight infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 47. Infant mortality rates by race among normal
birth-weight infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 48. Infant mortality rates by race among preterm
infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 49. Infant mortality rates by race among term infants:
Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 50. Infant mortality rates by race among teen mothers,
three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 51. Infant mortality rates by race among adult mothers,
three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 52. Infant mortality rates by education of mother among
whites, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked
files
Figure 53. Infant mortality rates by education of mother among
blacks, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked
files
Figure 54. Infant mortality rates by race among mothers with
less than 12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Marion County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 55. Infant mortality rates by race among mothers with
12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 56. Infant mortality rates by race among mothers with
more than 12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Marion County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Figure 57. Infant mortality rates by race and education of
mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 period linked files
Figure 58. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother
among all races, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Figure 59. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother
among whites, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Figure 60. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother
among blacks, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Figure 61. Infant mortality rates by race and marital status
of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 62. Infant mortality rates by race and adequacy of
prenatal care: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 63. Infant mortality rates by smoking status of mother
among whites, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Figure 64. Infant mortality rates by smoking status of mother
among blacks, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Figure 65. Infant mortality rates by smoking status and race
of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
List of Tables
Three-year Moving Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Lake
County
Table 27. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates
by race and
Hispanic origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Lake County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 28. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races,
three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked
files
Table 29. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites, three-
year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table 30. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks, three-
year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Five-year Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Lake County
Table 31. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates
by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999
-2003 linked files
Table 32. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among all races: Lake
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 33. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among whites: Lake
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Table 34. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics
among blacks: Lake
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
List of Figures
Figure 66. Infant mortality rates among all races in Lake
County compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 67. Infant mortality rates by race in Lake County
compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 68. Infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin
of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 69. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by race
of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 70. Infant mortality rates by race among low
birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 71. Infant mortality rates by race among normal
birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Figure 72. Infant mortality rates by race among low
birth-weight infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 73. Infant mortality rates by race among very low
birth-weight infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 74. Infant mortality rates by race among normal
birth-weight infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files
Figure 75. Infant mortality rates by race among preterm
infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 76. Infant mortality rates by race among term infants:
Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 77. Infant mortality rates by race and age of mother:
Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 78. Infant mortality rates by race and education of
mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 79. Infant mortality rates by race and marital status
of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 80. Infant mortality rates by race and adequacy of
prenatal care: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Figure 81. Infant mortality rates by race and smoking status
of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files
Appendices
Appendix A - State Data
Table A-1. Live births and infant, neonatal, and postneonatal
deaths by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table A-2. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among all races: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table A-3. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among whites: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table A-4. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among blacks: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table A-5. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among non-Hispanic whites: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table A-6. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among Hispanics: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Appendix B - Marion County Data
Table B-1. Live births and infant, neonatal, and postneonatal
deaths by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Marion County, Indiana,
1990-2003 linked files
Table B-2. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among all races: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked
files
Table B-3. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among whites: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table B-4. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among blacks: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Appendix C - Lake County Data
Table C-1. Live births and infant, neonatal, and postneonatal
deaths by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files
Table C-2. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among all races: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table C-3. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among whites: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
Table C-4. Live births and infant deaths by selected
characteristics among blacks: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files
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